Understanding Kidney Failure: Symptoms, Essential Tests, and Preventive Measures

Our kidneys are vital organs. They not only clean the blood and remove waste but also maintain water balance in the body. Furthermore, the kidneys produce hormones that help control blood pressure and produce red blood cells.

Surprisingly, almost 90 percent of people are unaware that their kidneys have failed. This can happen because there are no clear symptoms in the early stages. Most people only realize the problem when it becomes serious. Therefore, timely testing and precautions are necessary.

• Symptoms of Kidney Failure

Changes in Urine

Reduced urination or frequent urination at night.

Foam in the urine (this indicates protein in the blood).

Blood in the urine or an unusual color of urine can also be signs of kidney damage.

Body Swelling: When the kidneys cannot filter waste, toxins begin to accumulate in the body, which can cause swelling around the eyes, feet, or hands.

Fatigue and Weakness: The kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin. This hormone is necessary for blood production. When the kidneys fail, the body lacks oxygen, leading to a constant feeling of tiredness.

Breathing Problems: The accumulation of waste and fluid in the body affects the lungs, which can cause difficulty in breathing.

Vomiting and Nausea: As toxins accumulate in the body, loss of appetite and continuous nausea or vomiting can occur.

Headache: Kidney problems can disrupt the balance of electrolytes in the body. This can lead to problems like lack of concentration, dizziness, or mental stress.

• These Tests Are Important to Know the Status of the Kidneys

Blood Test: Creatinine and BUN tests are performed to determine how effectively the kidneys are removing waste from the blood. The eGFR test also measures the kidney's filtering capacity. If it falls below 15, it is considered severe damage.

Urine Test: These tests check for protein, blood, or other abnormalities in the urine; urine volume and color are also monitored.

Imaging Tests: Ultrasounds or CT scans are used to evaluate the size and structure of the kidneys. This can help detect stones, tumors, or other diseases.

Kidney Biopsy: Doctors may perform a biopsy to determine the exact cause and extent of the damage, but this is rare.  

Steps to Avoid Kidney Failure

– If you are over 60 years old or have a family history of kidney disease, you should schedule regular check-ups.

– High blood pressure and diabetes are the biggest enemies of the kidneys. They must be kept under control.

– Balanced diet, drinking plenty of water, daily exercise, and not smoking.

– Do not take any medication or supplement without consulting a doctor. Consumption