Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve: A haven for conservation and adventure

Nestled in the dramatic Dhaulagiri Himal range of western Nepal, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is a place where nature, wildlife conservation, and adventure harmoniously coexist. Covering an impressive 1,325 square kilometers, it is Nepal's only government-sanctioned hunting reserve. Established in 1983 and formally gazetted in 1987, Dhorpatan offers a rare mix of ecological preservation and regulated hunting. It has become a sought-after destination for both domestic and international enthusiasts, especially those drawn by the challenge of hunting blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), a prized species in the Himalayas.

Dhorpatan spans the districts of Rukum, Myagdi, and Baglung, with its northern boundary defined by the awe-inspiring Putha, Churen, and Gurja Himal ranges. The reserve’s altitude varies dramatically, from 3,000 meters in its valleys to over 7,000 meters at its peaks. This range of elevations nurtures diverse landscapes—from lush forests and alpine meadows (patans) to snow-draped peaks. Beyond its ecological richness, Dhorpatan is an integral part of local livelihoods, providing timber, grazing land, and cultural value to nearby communities.

Dhorpatan is a sanctuary for a remarkable variety of wildlife. Its most celebrated resident is the blue sheep, a highly coveted species among trophy hunters. Besides blue sheep, other game species include Himalayan tahr, barking deer, and wild boars. Predators such as leopards and Himalayan black bears also roam these lands, adding to the reserve's rich biodiversity.

For bird enthusiasts, Dhorpatan offers the chance to spot over 137 bird species, including pheasants, partridges, and Nepal’s national bird, the Danphe. Critically endangered species like the red panda, musk deer, and cheer pheasant are strictly protected, reflecting Nepal's commitment to conservation. These rare species not only underscore the ecological importance of the reserve but also make it an invaluable asset for global biodiversity.

Sustainable hunting and conservation

Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is internationally renowned for its regulated hunting programs, which are managed to ensure sustainable wildlife populations. The reserve is divided into six hunting blocks, each with its own quotas to maintain ecological balance. The spring (March-April) and autumn (September-October) hunting seasons are carefully chosen for favorable weather and visibility.

Every year, the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) issues approximately 25-30 hunting licenses, primarily for blue sheep. The Nepalese government issues 20 licenses per year for blue sheep and 10 for Himalayan tahr. These licenses are allocated through a strict auction system, with costs varying from year to year. The revenue generated—approximately NPR 10-15 million annually—is reinvested into wildlife conservation, anti-poaching initiatives, and community development projects.

In addition to hunting, Dhorpatan offers a wealth of activities for non-hunters. Trekking through its untouched landscapes, wildlife photography, and birdwatching are popular pursuits. Visitors can also immerse themselves in the local culture by attending the annual Janai Purnima festival at the sacred Dhorbaraha Temple, located along the Uttarganga River.

Economic and social impact

The hunting licenses contribute significantly to the local economy. Proceeds from the hunting tags are directed towards local conservation projects, while a community charge is levied for each animal harvested. This charge goes directly to local villagers as a payment, eliminating any incentive to poach. Each hunting expedition employs over 30 people, from guides and porters to cooks and support staff, thus providing much-needed income to remote areas of Nepal that are not on the typical tourist trail. Expeditions for hunters typically start at US$20,000, ensuring a significant financial impact on the local economy.

Challenges and opportunities for growth

Despite its success, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve faces several challenges that threaten its sustainability. One of the biggest issues is overgrazing, as over 80,000 livestock graze in the reserve each year, depleting vegetation and reducing habitat for herbivorous wildlife like blue sheep. Illegal poaching remains a concern, with endangered species like musk deer and red pandas often targeted for their valuable fur, musk pods, and body parts.

Infrastructure limitations also hinder the reserve’s potential. Poor road access, insufficient facilities, and a lack of tourism amenities deter visitors, while complicated and expensive hunting license procedures discourage international clients. Climate change further compounds these problems, with unpredictable weather patterns and rising temperatures altering habitats and species behavior.

Steps for improvement

To ensure Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve thrives as a hub for sustainable tourism and conservation, several improvements are necessary:

Establish Hunting Reserves Across Nepal: Currently, Dhorpatan is the only hunting reserve in the country. Expanding hunting reserves to other provinces, particularly in biodiversity-rich regions like the mid-hills and trans-Himalayas, would decentralize opportunities and attract more visitors.

Simplify Licensing and Make It Affordable: Hunting licenses should be more accessible, with streamlined application processes to appeal to a wider audience. This would particularly benefit domestic hunters and middle-income international visitors. Introducing online platforms for license applications could enhance convenience and transparency.

Boost Accessibility and Facilities: Upgrading roads, providing better accommodations, and offering helicopter services at subsidized rates would make the reserve more inviting. Improved infrastructure would also enable eco-tourism to flourish alongside hunting activities.

Diversify Activities Beyond Hunting: Dhorpatan can attract a broader demographic by integrating eco-tourism activities like guided safaris, cultural tours, and trekking routes. These offerings would generate additional revenue while promoting conservation awareness.

Strengthen Anti-Poaching Efforts: Investing in advanced technologies like drones for surveillance, increasing patrols, and enforcing stricter penalties for poachers would safeguard the reserve’s endangered species.

Involve Local Communities: Sharing a portion of hunting revenue with nearby communities can encourage their active involvement in conservation. Funding local schools, healthcare facilities, and alternative livelihoods would foster goodwill and strengthen local partnerships.

Market Nepal’s Hunting Tourism Globally: A concerted marketing effort, targeting international hunters and nature enthusiasts, could position Nepal as a premier destination for regulated hunting. Participation in hunting expos, targeted online campaigns, and partnerships with hunting organizations would help achieve this goal.

A vision for the future

Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve exemplifies how conservation and sustainable utilization can coexist. However, the reserve’s challenges—overgrazing, poaching, limited infrastructure, and restrictive regulations—highlight the need for more comprehensive policies and investments. Expanding hunting tourism to other provinces, simplifying processes, and enhancing accessibility could create a more inclusive and sustainable model for Nepal’s hunting industry.

Moreover, integrating eco-tourism into the hunting framework and involving local communities in revenue sharing would ensure that conservation efforts are not only effective but also equitable. By balancing the needs of hunters, conservationists, and local residents, Nepal can maximize the economic, social, and ecological benefits of hunting tourism.

Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is a remarkable destination that combines wildlife conservation with adventure tourism. Its regulated hunting programs are an example of sustainable resource utilization, generating significant revenue while preserving biodiversity. However, untapped potential remains, and addressing challenges such as overgrazing, poaching, and accessibility is critical.

By expanding hunting opportunities across Nepal, simplifying regulations, and investing in infrastructure and community engagement, the country can transform its hunting tourism industry into a global success story. With the right policies and investments, Nepal can emerge as a leader in sustainable hunting tourism, ensuring that its natural treasures are preserved for generations to come.

(The author is a Tourism Promoter for the Wales at Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Civil Aviation.)